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Please write two meaningful sentences that are related to each of the following terms. One can be a definition and the other an example or two of the terms relevance from the text. This discipline insures that you have improved comprehension and command of the material. (Remember to double space between terms for easier viewing).
Ch 14
Annul: Annul means to make invalid or void. This happened with King Henry VIII when he wanted to get a divorce with his wife, but the Church would not allow it.
Gravity: Gravity is the pull and attraction between objects. Isaac Newton discovered gravity and showed how gravity makes the planets orbit the sun.
Patron: A patron is a financial supporter of the arts. Patrons supported the arts such as the patron Lorenzo who supported Michelangelo.
Perspective: A perspective is a technique of making pictures more realistic, such as making some thins smaller than others to make them appear farther away. This new technique was used very much in the new art and helped show things in different dimensions.
Theocracy: A theocracy is a government ruled by
church leaders. John Calvin set up one
of these types of government in
John Calvin: John Calvin was the man who created Calvinism. John Calvin basically has the same views as Luther, he just believed in predestination.
Henry VIII: Henry VIII was the king who had the marital problems because he could not have a son with his wife, so he wanted a divorce. The Church would not allow this, so Henry was basically anti-Church and took as much power from the Church as possible.
Leonardo da Vinci: Leonardo da Vinci was a very talented artist. He was also interested in things such as anatomy and took dead bodies to examine how the muscles and bones work.
Lorenzo de' Medici: Lorenzo was a patron who supported art. A lot of different artists visited Lorenzo’s palace to learn more of art.
Niccolo Machiavelli: Machiavelli wrote a book of how to keep a strong power as a ruler. This book held a ton of controversial issues that are still being debated till this day.
Heliocentric: This is a thought that things are centered around a sun. Renaissance scientists developed this thought, which was totally against the belief of the Church, which believed that everything rotated around the Earth, and that the Earth is the center of the universe.
Humanism: Humanism focuses on the present rather than on religious issues. This was a new type of thinking that was not around in the Middle Ages.
Indulgence: An indulgence was when a specific amount
of money to pay of a sin. This was one
of the things that cause another religious reformation.
Predestination: Predestination is the belief that God
has decided will have salvation or not.
This is one of the issues that Calvin believed in.
Recant: To recant is to give up your views. The Catholic Church tried to get Luther to
recant his ideas.
Copenicus: Copernicus
was a famous scientist. He
revolutionized the way that people viewed the universe.
Durer:
Luther: Luther created the religion Lutheranism. Luther was totally against indulgences, believed you did not have to pray through a priest, and that the Catholic Church was very corrupt.
Petrarch: A patrarch is a famous Italian poet known
for his love poems. There were so many
poets in the Renaissance Age that there were many patrarches as well.
Renaissance focus: The Renaissance focused on many
forms of art and science. A lot of the
artistic and scientific advances still effect today, like knowing how to draw
pictures in perspective, or knowing that everything orbits the sun.
Printing of reformation: The invention o0f the new
printing press helped religious reforms very much so. With this new tool copies of the Bible,
Luther’s 95 Thesis’, and other important works could be spread and read
easier.
Results of Reformation: This reformation caused the
Church to lose a lot of power. Also a
lot of different forms of the Christian religion started to pop up such as
Lutheranism and Calvinism.
Causes of Renaissance: The Renaissance caused for a
bunch of different achievements in science and art. Scientists like
Hobbes: Hobbes was a famous philosopher. He believed that people were driven by
selfishness and greed, and to avoid this people need to give up their power and
freedom to the government.
Locke: Locke was another famous philosopher. He believed that people have rights to life,
liberty, and property; he also felt that rulers have a duty to be good to its
people otherwise the people have the right to overthrow the government.
Joseph II: Joseph II was a ruler who was an
enlightened despot. He did any important
things such as abolishing serfdom and building a lot of hospitals.
Constitional govt.: A
constitutional government is a government with limited power by laws. This kind of government was set up in
Enlightened despot: An enlightened despot was an
enlightened ruler who would use his power to bring political and social
change. These rulers like Catherine the
Great and Joseph II brought around many important changes.
Natural laws: Natural laws are the laws that govern human nature. Many different philosophers studied natural laws and formed their different opions on the matter.
Natural rights: Natural rights are rights that humans had since birth. Locke felt that people had the rights to life, liberty, and property.
Physiocrat: A physiocrat was a thinker focused on economic reforms. Physiocrats wanted
a free market where the government had nothing to do with the market at all.
Bach: Bach was a famous writer of music. He wrote famous religious peaces for organ and choirs.
Diderot: Diderot wrote the 28-volume Encyclopedia. These 28 volumes were extremely controversial and the Encyclopedia was basically banned with its ideas of freedom and abolishing slavery.
Tom Paine: Tom Paine was a writer. He was a very famous one who basically cause the
Rousseau: Rousseau was another famous philosopher. He believed that people are overall good but are corrupted by society, and that an ideal society would be one where people made the laws and followed them willingly.
Robert Walpole: Robert Walpole was the prime minister
and represented the Whig party. During
the time as he being the prime minister it was very peaceful
.
Baroque: Baroque was a style of art. This form of art made the
art look big, colorful, and exciting.
Free market: A free market is a type of market where
the government is not involved at all.
This is the form of market the physiocrats
wanted.
Laissez faire: Laissez faire is a policy that urged
letting the market be ruled by very little if any government input. This is basically a free market.
Salon: A salon is a get to gather of brilliant minds
to discuss important topic. Important
scientists, philosophers, and artist would go to salons and discuss their views
and ideas.
Social contract: The Social Contract was writing where Rousseau put his ideas about government and society down. This writing basically stated that all people are born good but are corrupted by society.