Chapter 32-33 Outline

 

The World Since 1945: An Overview Chapter 32

Section 1 The Changing Political Climate

 

The Great Liberation

  • The postwar decades brought a major turning point in the history when the empires built by western powers crumbled. 
  • Resistance to colonial rule had had been going on for a while. 
  • The nations of Africa, Asia, and other Latin American countries where known as developing countries.

The Cold War goes Global

  • The new nations emerged into a world dominated and divided by the cold war.
  • Nonaligned: Not allied to either side in a war
  • The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union collapsed.

New Nations Seek Stability

  • While new nations had high hopes for the future, they faced a lot of problems.
  • The new nations wrote new constitutions modeled on the Western democracies.
  • When problems multiplied, military leaders started to take over.

The Shrinking Globe

  • Interdependence: Is the reliance on other countries around the world for things such as food, knowledge, and resources.
  • The UN was set up to deal with world disputes.
  • UN agencies provide service for people worldwide. 

Enduring Issues

  • A lot of issues pose a problem to world peace.
  • The effort to curb the arms race was only getting harder during the Cold War.
  • Since 1960’s, the world started to see terrorism.

 

Section 2 Global Economic Trends

 

The Global North and South: Two Worlds of Development

  • The Cold War caused a global split between the communist East and the capitalist West.
  • The global South refers to the developing world.
  • Even thought there was some growth, the gap between rich and poor nations was rising.

Economic Interdependence

  • Rich and poor countries are linked by many trade and financial ties. 
  • Large manipulation corporations, enterprises, with branches in many countries, have invested in the developing world.
  • In the interdependent world there is and oil crisis.

Obstacles to Development

  • When some developing nations made progress toward modernization, others have not.
  • The population boom began in the 1700’s.
  • The economic patterns established during the Age of Imperialism did not change after 1945.

Economic Development and Environment

  • To a great cost to the natural environment, the rich and poor nations have reached better economics. 
  • Since early times people have always taken whatever they wanted from their environment. 
  • There were major industrial accidents happening which causes threats to the environment.

 

Section 3 Changing Life Patterns

 

The Village: Continuity and Change

  • Village people continue to form the largest part of the world’s population.
  • Village life started when the sun raised and ended when the rooster crowed. 
  • People started to flock to cities to escape this rural life.

New Rights and Roles for Women

  • After 1945, women brought change to both the western and developing worlds.
  • In the western world women more and more worked outside of their homes.
  • In developing nations women, worked a lot in nationalist struggles.

Science and Technology

  • The computer is one of the amazing developments in the past 50 years.
  • The space age began once the Soviet Union launched the first space probe into space.
  • Scientists started to develop new antibiotics to treat illnesses. 

A New International Culture

  • Radio was one thing that had changed the world like no other.
  • The main driving force between the new global culture was the U.S.
  • Global exchanges have influenced literature and the visual arts for hundreds of years.

 

Europe and North America Chapter 33

Section 1 The Western World: An Overview

 

The Cold War in Europe

  • For more than 40 years, the Cold War divided Europe into 2 hostile military alliances.
  • Berlin remained a focus of Cold War tensions.
  • In the 1970’s American and Soviet leaders wanted an era of détente, a relaxe of tensions. 

Recovery and Growth in Western Europe

  • With Marshall Plan aid, the western European countries recovered quickly from WWII.
  • A huge goal of leftist parties was to extend the welfare state.
  • More high prices on oil hurt countries because oil was shipped out of country. 

Toward European Unity

  • Europe’s recovery from WWII was helped largely by economic cooperation.
  • Although there were disputes, the Common Market did well.
  • By the 1990’s EU was pushing for complete economic unity, a single currency, and greater political unity. 

Social Trends

  • After 1945 the pace pf social change speeded up.
  • Since 1950, many immigrants started to settle in Europe.
  • Women have made great progress in legal and economic equality. 

 

Section 2 The Western European Democracies

 

Britain: Government and the Economy

  • WWII left Britain, physically and economically in a huge tangled mess. 
  • The later government accepted the warfare state.
  • After the war Britain adjusted to a new world role. 

France: Revival and Prosperity

  • Also like Britain, France was greatly weakened by WWII. 
  • In Algeria, French settlers and the French military opposed Algerian nationalists who wanted independence. 
  • After WWII there was economic rivalry between Britain and France. 

Germany: Reunited at Last

  • Right after WWII, Germany was in a world of hurt.
  • For a strange reason, when the Cold War began, the U.S rushed aid to its former enemy, Germany. 
  • There was not economic miracle in East Germany after war. 

Other Democratic Nations of the West

  • Other parts of Europe slowly recovered from the war.
  • After the war Italy was economically divided. 
  • Change came even slower to the countries of Spain, Portugal, and Greece. 

 

Section 3 North American Prosperity

 

The United States and the Cold War

  • In 1945, the U.S. was the largest military power in the world and the only country with the atomic bomb. 
  • The U.S. built military bases overseas and allied up with Europe and Southeast Asia. 
  • Early in the begging of the Cold War U.S anti-communists began to warn that Soviets agents were opening everywhere. 

Economy and the Role of Government

  • Unlike Europe, the U.S was not damaged at all after WWII. 
  • The government’s role in economy kept growing after the war. 
  • Reformers started to urge new programs to help the poor and disadvantaged.

The Civil Rights Movement

  • A lot of Southern states denied the blacks freedom even thought they had gained it a while ago.
  • In 1956 Martin Luther King Jr. started preaching his word of inequality and his dreams.
  • In time congress finally responded to this. 

The United States and the Global Economy

  • After the war, the U.S. profited greatly from growing global economy.
  • American industries faced hard competition from companies in Asia.
  • The U.S. remained rich and a magnet for immigrants.

Postwar Canada

  • Canada also began to boom in economy after the war because they found oil and gas provinces in western provinces.     
  • Defining a national identity has been difficult for Canada. 
  • Another challenge for Canada has been the large impact by the U.S.

 

Section 4 The Soviet Union: Rise and Fall of a Superpower

 

Stalin’s Successors

  • The Soviet Union emerged from WWII as a superpower.
  • Nikita Khrushchev emerged as the new Soviet leader.
  • Dissidents: people who speak out against the government.

The Soviet Economy

  • After the war Stalin rebuilt Germany with factories and other equipment stripped from Germany.
  • The Soviets had a success.  They launched the first probe into space. 
  • Khrushchev or Brezhnev both could not solve basic Soviet economic problems.

Foreign Policy Issues

  • Stalin and his successors forcefully asserted Soviet control over Eastern Europe. 
  • When  nations rose from colonial rule, the Soviet helped them with military and economic aid. 
  • In 1961 the building of the Berlin wall increases tensions.