Chapter 29 Nationalism and Revolution Around the World

 

Sect 1 Struggle for Change in Latin America

The Mexican Revolution

      Prosperity under the rule of Porfirio Diaz was that of wealthy land owners, business people, and foreign investor.  Most the Mexican peasants were poor. 

      Striking out against Diaz began once a man named Francisco Madero demanded free elections.  The liberal middle-class and peasants started to rebel for democracy, food, and larger wages. 

      Diaz was killed in 2 years after his leadership.  Emiliano Zapata also helped to contribute to the revolts because he showed sympathy towards the peasants.  Millions of people were dieing. 

Reforms

      The new ruler Venustiano Carranza was elected and immediately forced to put a new constitution in place.  This constitution addressed land, religion, and labor. 

      The new constitution also allowed nationalization, or government takeover of natural resources. 

      The PRI or the new government organization set up helped with social change and boosted industry. 

Rising Tide of Nationalism

      Mexico wanted to reclaim its oil fields from foreign countries so it did not have to depend on them. 

      In the 1930’s the great depression that hit the U.S. hit everyone else around them as well and caused economic problems. 

      As a kind of nationalism Mexico started to paint murals everywhere to show pride. 

The “Good Neighbor” Policy

      In 1914 the U.S. bombarded port of Vero Cruz to punish Mexico for imprisoning some American peoples. 

      President F. Roosevelt made it so the U.S could intervene with military in Mexico.

      After this the U.S. had to be under the Good Neighbor Policy. 

 

Sect 2 Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle East

Movements for Change in Africa

      Africa had many Europeans settled in their land taking control and making the rules, so they started to show resistance, 

      Protests started to happen over land, forced labor, heavy taxes, and identification cards.

      In 1910 and 1940 the white people started getting a hard grip on Africa again after they imposed apartheid, or a racial segregation act. 

Growing Self-Confidence

      A group called Pan- Africans formed and created a congress which really did nothing what so ever. 

      Egypt was freed after they created the Wafd and launched huge strikes and riots.

      There was a ton of self pride in the black community. 

Modernization in Turkey and Iran

      Ataturk helped Turkey throw over sultan and defeated western occupation. 

      Ataturk really started to westernize Turkey by doing thing such as creating schools, giving women the right to vote, letting women to un veil their faces, and basing most things on Christianity. 

      Ataturk inspired Iran so Iran basically did the same thing under a man names Reza Khan. 

Arab Nationalism and European Mandates

      The Arabs were very upset with western powers because they promised the Arabs freedom after WWI and they did not get it.

      The British wanted to set up a Jewish home land in Palestine, so they did.  

      At first some Arabs welcomes the Jews with their skills, but once there was more and more Jewish power the Arabs and the Jews started to fight over the land. 

 

Sect 3 India Seeks Self-Rule

Moves Toward Independence

      Thousands of Indians served casualties over seas.

      The British also promised India self rule after WWI. 

      The British also did not fulfill this promise.

Mohandas Gandhi

      A man named Gandhi lead the Indians to try to be freed through non violent means.

      Civil disobedience is to refuse unjust laws. 

      Gandhi did things such as boycotting British goods and only wearing cloth sewn by Indians. 

The Salt March

      Gandhi decided to go and collect his own salt to end the government salt monopoly. 

      Gandhi started out with 78 people and went down to the ocean to collect salt and thousands of people followed. 

      Indians kept doing things like this so the British gave them some power. 

Looking Ahead

      As India was closer to independence the Hindus and Muslims started to fight. 

      A man named Muhammad Ali Jinnah felt there should be a separate state for the Muslims. 

      India was outraged with Britain for postponing the independence of India so there was more no cooperation acts.  

Sect 4 Upheavals in China

The Chinese Republic

      Sun Yixian stepped down from power in China because he thought Yuan Shikai could restore order in China, but once this leader died there was chaos. 

      During China’s week time there was a ton of foreign influences especially from Japan who had a list of 21 demands which game them power in China. 

      Tons of Chinese started to protest for things like boycotting Japan, arranged marriages, foot binding, and introducing Marxist ideas. 

Leaders for a New China

      Jiang Jieshi started going throughout China and taking over warlords here and there, but he also tried destroying the Communist Party by killing tons of people who supported it. 

      Mao Zedong was an escaped communist who believed the large masses of peasants should be the ones fighting back. 

      Mao Zendong had full support from the peasants because he cared and took care of them especially from people like the soldiers. 

Japanese Invasion

      Jiang was forced to make a front for Japan and to stop worrying so much about the communists once Japan started attacking China. 

      The Japanese started to take over China and when the Japanese took over the nationalist capitol it was called the “rape of Nanjing.”

      Once Japan bombed the U.S., the U.S. backed up China and helped to defeat Japan. 

Sect 5 Empire of the Rising Sun

Liberal Changes of the 1920’s

      During the 1920’s Japan turned more westernized and moved more toward a democracy. 

      Japan’s economic growth was great during WWI and this really started the power of Japan.

      There were some main internal problems with westernization in Japan because the new generations were dropping the old customs and traditions of Japan which made their parents very upset with the “corrupt” government. 

The Nationalist Reaction

      The great depression hit Japan hard because foreign buys could no longer afford the goods of Japan. 

      Japanese were very upset because their economy was going downhill and also places like the U.S. would not allow any Japanese immigrants. 

      Japan seized Manchurian in China for its resources by saying China blew up some train tracks Japan had on the territory. 

Militarists in Power

      Military power in Japan was growing very strong and there were plotting to overpower the government. 

      The military threw over the government and made everyone abide to the Emperor.

      Japan was starting to take over more and more of China until WWII broke out and Japan became allies with Germany.